the color purple Essay -- essays research papers

Color of Purple is a Novel by Alice Walker, published in 1982. It won a Pulitzer Prize in 1983. A feminist invigorated about an abused and uneducated b wishing womans struggle for empowerment, the novel was praised for the depth of its female characters and for its eloquent use of black English vernacular. African-American masses demand had to climb over many obstacles to get to their position today. First, was the selling of their people into slavery. Then, they endured slavery itself, being enured like an animal. After slavery was abolished, Colored people still had to deal with racial discrimination and hatred. If this sounds rough, black women had it worse. African-American women had to deal with all the previously mentioned things, but they were women too Females were oppressed almost as poisonous as the blacks. White women were not able to vote until the 1920. Therefore colored women had a double edged sword, they had to fight for freedom, but not be to omit as to effect the men. Alice Walkers The Color Purple is a good example of colored womens plight. Three obstacles black women had to overcome to be able to express themselves were Racism, the lack of education, and the stereo-type that women are inferior. Sophia is Harpos wife and a very unfluctuating character. She does not let anyone beat her or slap her. After the mayor of the town slaps her she attacks him and is sent to jail. In order to survive, she is forced to become the maid and servant for the mayor. Later she moves back in with Harpo and finally works for Celie in the general store. Black women were known as "the mule of the world", before, in the 1930s, where this novel takes place. Sofia, one of the fictions characters presented by Alice Walker on her novel The Color Purple is portrayed as a strong woman, one of the "mules of the world", but, even though she is insulted, beaten and underestimated, she is willing to change the system and change the image of black wom an that American black and light man possess. She is an honorary mule that wants to change the system, but in change, society breaks her. Sofia, a al-Qaida woman, is willing to give her life away to her being treated equally to the rest of the world. She wants to see this happening, and fights for it, pays hard, but never experiences this equality happening. First, she is discriminated by Harpo, who is taught by Mr. ... ... She stood outside on her side the car clearing her throat. Finally she say, Sofia, with a little laugh, This is the South. Yes maam, I say. She clear her throat, laugh some more. Look where you sitting, she say. Im sitting where I always sit, I say. Thats the problem, she say. Have you ever seen a white individual and a colored sitting side by side in a car, when one of em wasnt showing the other one how to drive it or clean it ?" (pg. 109). This is the kind of mentality possessed by whites in the 1930s, time of the book. Blacks and whites could not be se en treated as equal, as what was happening with Sofia and Miss Millie. The induction that shows that blacks are not necessarily inferior, but equal or superior is shown when Sofia teaches Miss Millie to drive. All these examples show how Sofia demonstrates that blacks, nor women are less efficient than the rest of the world, the same or even more. Sofia is a fighter, one who fights for her rights of equality as a woman and as a black. She, as a feminist and proponent of radical equality wants to change the system, but society ends up breaking her, showing the little power of influence that a black woman has on the world.

Quest for Purpose in the Novels of Kurt Vonnegut Essay -- Works of Kurt

Quest for Purpose in the Novels of Kurt Vonnegut Kurt Vonneguts personal experiences force him to question the meaningless cruelties and conflicting paradigms in life. As a second times German-American and a witness of Dresdens bombing during World War II, he observes firsthand the pointless destruction of which humans are capable (Dictionary 494). He devotes his whole kit to understanding the chaotic, cruel area he encounters. According to Peter Reed, Vonneguts works feature a ...protagonist in quest of meaning in an absurd world (500). While struggling to understand the disordered universe around them, Vonneguts protagonists attempt to become satisfied individuals by understanding the purpose of human life. As he probes the chaotic nature of the universe, Vonnegut, according to Ernest Ranly, ...seems preoccupied with genuine human questions, about war, peace, technology, human happiness (454). Vonneguts works show an obsessive desire to answer these questions, and he explore s them by narrating quests for order and purpose in human life. According to Stanley Schatt, Vonnegut ...believes passionately in both the importance of the individual and the need for human love and grace (348). Vonneguts beliefs become apparent as the searchers invariably realize Vonneguts truth the universe is too chaotic to understand, so the secret to order in their lives is simply kindness. In Vonneguts novel, Galapagos, the narrator, Leon Trout, attempts to understand humanitys cruelty after witnessing the Vietnam Wars brutality and lack of purpose. As a marine in ...a nearly endless, thankless, horrifying, and, finally, pointless war... (Galapagos 254), Trout struggles to come to terms w... ...nd A news report of the American Novel in the Nineteen-Sixties. Yale, 1973. Rpt. in contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 3. Detroit Gale,1975. Ranly, Ernest W. What Are People For? Commonweal. 7 May 1971, 207-211. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 2. Detroit Gale,1974 . Reed, Peter J. Kurt Vonnegut, jr. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Vol.2 American Novelists Since World War II. Detroit Gale, 1978. _____. Kurt Vonnegut. American Writers. 1981. Scribners Writers Series. Schatt, Stanley. The World of Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. in Critique Studies in Modern Fiction. Vol. XII, No. 3, 1971. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 1. Detroit Gale,1973. Vonnegut, Kurt. Galapagos. New York Dell, 1985. _____. Mother Night. New York Dell, 1961. _____. The Sirens of Titan. New York Dell, 1959.

Racial Diversity and the True Colors of Life Essay -- Sociology Racism

Racial Diversity - The True Colors of Life Think of the cosmea as a stroke of crayons. A turning point in which each color stands in its own designated space. Like these crayons, we each have different shades, tints, and most importantly, we all leave marks on our world when used. Some of us will leave a bold, vivid mark that cannot be unnoticed. For others of us, our mark is soft and subtle. Alone, each crayon can only attain so much in the expression it can make. The way we express ourselves is limited to our own color that is made up of our customs, culture and experiences in life. It is not until we learn to mix our understandings, beliefs, our experiences, that a new color and expression can be made by each one of us. If we do this, the realm of possiblities for the box expands. Being a freshman in a new world where all is overwhelming and completely foreign has presented its share of challenges. I have been face with academic demands that I never experience d in my high school career. Socially, I have strived to aim a place to fit in and bewilder acceptance. The challenge I did not anticipate coming upon with appreciation, however, is the assortment I have encountered in my first semester of college. For this reason, I have been prompted to take note of the diversity on our campus and to write this essay in an effort to emphasize its cruciality. A man stands in the center of the quad preaching. In a voice make full with urgency and depth he preaches his belief that Jesus Christ is his salvation and the worlds only truth. A young woman asks a panel of her peers, resentment and wrath trembling in her voice, why she can not display her lesbian pride sticker on her car without glances of disgust... ...nd success and their place in the crayon box. I realize the importance of the diversity on our campus and have a gratitude I never new existed. Never before have I embraced meeting my peers with a desire to explore a new c ulture or memorise something about myself never known before. The girl who expresses her sexuality, the man who preaches his faith and the hippies who bead their lives are all beneficial to each and every student who passes them in their rush to class. For the first time in our lives we are trying to find our true identity. We are faced with adverse situations and ideas we are presented with for the first time in our lives. We look at our peers judgments and are forced to make our own. Through those, we discover our true selves. After all, how does a purple crayon know he is purple until he has compared himself to a red?

Graduation Speech: I Am Crowd Member No. 5 :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Well, my fellow graduates, this is re in onlyy it. We be all belike feeling mixed emotions right now. around feeling sweet relief that it is finally done, over, and finished. Maybe a twinge of sadness and nostalgia because pretty much all you piddle known for a sound majority of your life has come to an end. I am sure by now we have all heard that question, What are you going to do later on high school? Some of you do have definite plans and know exactly what you are going to be doing. But, if you are anything like me, you have probably rolled quite a few things around in your head and you have a pretty good idea of what you might do. Maybe all you have thought about is getting the heck out of here and meeting new passel. But no matter what you do or whoever you meet, those new people and places are going to have one less thing in common with you. They wont know what is was like going to a miniature school and knowing everybodys face, or running to the lunch line on Wednesda y for a hoagie, or hatching corny skits for assemblies, or marching in the parade at Homecoming. All of us in this room tonight have something in common, and high school is not something you forget. It only happens once and you outhouset go back (For most of us anyway.) So since we cant stay here, we have to go somewhere else and make something of ourselves. But what are we going to do? What do we want to do? Sometimes, what we want to do isnt exactly what we end up doing. We all have dreams. Everyone does, like myself for example. I know exactly what I want to do, but it doesnt happen to be what everyone else likes to do as well .... and thats to act. Whether it be a commercial, on stage, or in a movie, I like to act. It is what I love doing. What do I have to lose in trying. What do all of you have to lose in pursuing your dreams? Im going to try my hardest to do what I love, even though members of my family and some of my friends are concerned that all I will get is a pimple cre am commercial, or an insignificant role as Crowd Member No.

Essay --

Since its discovery in 1981, assist has catch a worldwide pandemic. over 30 million people have died since 1981 worldwide because of the silent virus. human immunodeficiency virus, which is the abbreviation of human immuno deficency virus, has a worldwide effect because there is non a know way of curing the virus. HIV gradually destroys ones immune system until their body is too weak to fight off disease, making it leisurely for a person to die from a simple infection like the flu, or a fever. Today, 33 million people and counting argon reenforcement with this disease, and one in five are unaware of their infection. most of the 3.55.3 million Americans living with viral hepatitis do not know that they are infected, putting them in greater risk for severe or fatal complications from the disease, and increasing the chance that they will spread the virus to others.People living with AIDS or HIV can have trouble getting or maintaining work positions. Many people are afraid to be a round people with AIDS because they do not want the disease to be transmitted to them. This assumption occurs because of lack of education on the subject. One cannot, in fact, contract HIV through scrape up to skin contact, unless infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluid comes in contact with an opening in ones body.The issue of HIV/AIDS has not yet been resolved because of the lack of knowledge on the disease. Researchers do not know for sure why the illness weakens your immune system, and there is no remediation for AIDS or HIV. There are, however, medicines that can keep the AIDS disease at bay, and freeze the progress of a current HIV infection. There are currently five different strains of HIV doses. Each class of drugs attacks HIV at different points in its progression. This medication is stan... ...sitive, and that it is against Russian federal jurisprudence for them to engage in sexual intercourse with another Russian citizen without telling them about their incurable d isease. they are then sent away with no drug prescriptions, no counseling, and no knowledge on how serious the disease is.Between 1999 and 2000 more people died of AIDS in Africa than in all the wars on the continent. AIDS affects different segments of society in different ways. For example, children may have to care for an ill parent. Schooling may suffer as a result. Other times, children become orphans as parents succumb to AIDS. While poverty is obviously a main factor as to why AIDS is much more severe in Africa, political will of national governments is another cause. Constraints such as social norms and taboos, or lack of effective institutions have all contributed to the situation getting worse.

Essay --

Since its discovery in 1981, AIDS has become a worldwide pandemic. Over 30 million spate have blend ind since 1981 worldwide because of the silent virus. human immunodeficiency virus, which is the abbreviation of human immuno deficency virus, has a worldwide effect because there is not a known way of curing the virus. HIV gradually destroys ones immune system until their body is too weak to fight off unsoundness, making it easy for a person to die from a simple infection like the flu, or a fever. Today, 33 million people and counting are living with this disease, and one in fiver are unaware of their infection. most of the 3.55.3 million Americans living with viral hepatitis do not know that they are infected, putting them in greater risk for horrendous or fatal complications from the disease, and increasing the chance that they will spread the virus to others.People living with AIDS or HIV can have interrupt getting or maintaining work positions. Many people are afraid to be around people with AIDS because they do not want the disease to be transmitted to them. This assumption occurs because of omit of education on the subject. One cannot, in fact, contract HIV through skin to skin contact, unless infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluid comes in contact with an opening in ones body.The issue of HIV/AIDS has not yet been resolved because of the lack of experience on the disease. Researchers do not know for sure why the illness weakens your immune system, and there is no cure for AIDS or HIV. thither are, however, medicines that can keep the AIDS disease at bay, and freeze the progress of a current HIV infection. There are currently five polar strains of HIV drugs. Each class of drugs attacks HIV at different points in its progression. This medication is stan... ...sitive, and that it is against Russian federal law for them to engage in knowledgeable intercourse with another Russian citizen without telling them about their incurable disease. they ar e then sent away with no drug prescriptions, no counseling, and no knowledge on how serious the disease is.Between 1999 and 2000 more people died of AIDS in Africa than in all the wars on the continent. AIDS affects different segments of society in different ways. For example, children may have to care for an ill parent. Schooling may suffer as a result. Other times, children become orphans as parents succumb to AIDS. bandage poverty is obviously a main factor as to why AIDS is much more severe in Africa, political will of subject area governments is another cause. Constraints such as social norms and taboos, or lack of effective institutions have all contributed to the situation getting worse.

First Language and Learning English Essay

Language is the most dynamic form of symbolism that cultures possesses. Language is the medium in which volume interact and communicate for the exchange of ideas, cognition and feelings. Language acquisition has been iodin of the most intriguing aspects of human nature and had been the focus of different disciplines. For the most part, speech communication acquisition had been theorized and conceptualized in different ways all of which was to determine where language came from and how it developed.On the other hand, the multicultural aspect and globalization of our society have do it almost a necessity to learn English as the most favored international language. Most educational curriculums in the world integrate the culture of English as a second language especially in areas where the first or native language is structurally different from English (Gitsaki, 1998). jibe to Krashens (1981) model of second language acquisition acquired and learned languages are different.Language acquisition is a subconscious process brought about by the meaningful interaction of the individual with the target language while acquirement a language is a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge about the language (Krashen, 1981, p. 103). Learning a second language is a complex process that can be affected by different factors, one of the most leading issue is that of how first language affects the teaching of English as a foreign language in the schoolroom.Several lookes have inform that first language proficiency strongly predicts English language learning (Clay, 1993 Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998), moreover, a strong correlation between first language fluency and learning English was also reported (Hiebert, Pearson, Taylor, Richardson, and Paris, 1998). Children who have to learn a second language generally have to use first language in acquaintance and analysis of the information exchanged in the second language.Therefore the impact of first language to l earning a second language can be facilitative while it can also interfere with learning a second language such as English (Bialystok, 2002). This literature re great deal would familiarise what has been known about the role of the first language in learning English as a second language in the context of classroom learning as well as how teachers can effectively use the first language to the teaching of English. This exercise would also discuss the theoretical framework, the research methods and the strengths and weaknesses of the presented literature.Appendix Auerbach, E. (1993). Reexamining English only in the ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 27(1). Bialystok, E. (2002). Cognitive processes of L2 users. In V. Cook (Ed. ), Portrait of the L2 user (pp. 147-165). New York Multilingual Matters. Burden, P. (2000). The use of the students mother tongue in monolingual English conversation classes at Japanese universities. TLT Online Editor. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http//www. jalt-pub lications. org/tlt/articles/2000/06/burden Clay, M. (1993).Reading Recovery in English and other Languages. Keynote address presented at the West Coast Literacy Conference, Palm Springs, CA Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon, England Multilingual Matters. Cummins, J. (2001). Bilingual childrens mother tongue Why is it beta for education? Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http//www. oise. utoronto. ca/MLC/MotherTongueDK. pdf Garcia, G. E. (2000). Bilingual childrens reading. In M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, D.Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds. ), Handbook of reading research Volume III (pp. 163-179). Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Giacobbe, J. (1992). A cognitive view of the role of L1 in the L2 acquisition process. Second Language Research, 8 3, 232-250. Gitsaki, C. (1998) Second Language Acquisition Theories Overview and Evaluation. Journal of Communication and International Studies 4 289-98. Hamers, J. & Blanc, M. (2000). Bilingu ality and bilingualism second ed. Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press.

Parts of Thesis

Parts of a Thesis (Descriptive Design) 1. Chapter 1 (The Problem rationale and Background) 1. 1 Statement of the Problem 1. 2 Hypotheses 1. 3 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 1. 4 Significance of the Study 1. 5 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1. 6 Definition of Key Terms 1. 7 General Organization and Coverage of the Study 2. Chapter 2 (Review of Related Literature) 2. 1 Related Legal Bases 2. 2 Related Literature (Local and Foreign) 2. 3 Related Studies (Local and Foreign) . 4 Justification of the Present Study 3. Chapter 3 (Methodology) 3. 1 Research Design 3. 2 Determination of Sample Size 3. 3 Sampling Design and proficiency 3. 4 The Subjects 3. 5 The Research Instrument 3. 6 Validation of the Research Instrument 3. 7 Data Gathering Procedure 3. 8 Data bear on Method 3. 9 Statistical Treatment 4. Chapter 4 (Results, Analysis and Interpretation) 5. Chapter 5 (Summary of Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions) 6. Bibliography 7. Appendix 8.Curriculum Vitae Parts of a Thesis ( Experimental Design) 1. Chapter 1 (The Problem Rationale and Background) 1. 1 Statement of the Problem 1. 2 Hypotheses 1. 3 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 1. 4 Significance of the Study 1. 5 Scope and Limitations of the Study 1. 6 Definition of Key Terms 1. 7 General Organization and Coverage of the Study 2. Chapter 2 (Review of Related Literature) 2. 1 Review of Related Legal Bases 2. 2 Review of Related Literature (Local and Foreign) 2. Review of Related Studies (Local and Foreign) 2. 4 Justification of the Present Study 3. Chapter 3 (Materials and Methods) 3. 1 Research Method 3. 2 Materials 3. 3 Equipment/Apparatus and Utensils 3. 4 Procedure 3. 5 Training of Panelists 3. 6 Evaluation of the Results 3. 7 Statistical Treatment 4. Chapter 4 (Results and Discussion) 5. Chapter 5 (Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations) 6. References 7. Appendix 8. Curriculum Vitae

What is happiness

In our current world, as we all regard, currency is the tool for getting things we drive and desire. Everyone uses it and suppressing the bullion is both tangible and intangible. We work for months and years to have money to buy specific things. A man wants to earn money In bless to be able, and his whole effort and the best of a aliveness atomic number 18 devoted to the earning of that money. (The Myth of Sisyphus . 1942) Lots of human bes be spending their money to buy some products and services because they believe having these stuffs will make them happy.But what if they wrong? What if there is no real merriment come from money? As furthermost as I am concerned, money is only tool not a purpose while achieving the happiness. Some say You discharget be happy without money because It unlocks everybody. According to them life offers every kind of opportunity and happiness to the wealthy people. Unfortunately, money can only buy temporary happiness. For reaching more perpetual joy and felicity, you need values that are more important than money. First of all, the most essential feature to underline is that there is an illusion and wrong location about rich people.Some poor people assert that they would be much more happy If they have lots of money. They watched the celebrities and other wealthy people life on TV or reading from magazines and prejudiced about they are always happy as they look Like on TV. There are lots of famous people Like director Tony Scott, Kurt Cabin, Marilyn Monroe and recently Robin Williams committed suicide due to stress and smashed under the burden of being celebrity. All of these people had huge money when they were alive but suffered from stressful life. As a factual consequence of this,it leads these people to depression.We shouldnt forget that there could be some situations that your money dont work such as Health. Suppose that, you are rich and earning millions of dollars. In case of Illness, you could easily vau lt some high-tech wellness check center and might receive the best treatment,however, there are many diseases which arent able to cured by medical researchers yet. If you have these kind of incurable disease, it doesnt issuing whether you have money or not. You wish to be more healthy instead of being a rich so your money dont buy your health and your happiness Indirectly.In a recent survey inducted by Harvard researchers, it has been detected that money Is not the first priority for people. According to participants who also declared they are happy from their life, money took 3rd or 4th place in their priority ranking. Being healthy, living peaceful life and being with someone you love are ahead of money in that survey. As a factual consequence of this, we can easily say that you can be happy with ordinary income level. another(prenominal) example is difference between people living in rural and urban areas. In contrast to people living in urban areas and capital who has moreInc ome, rural living people are more happy and far away from stress. When you each other because of the mutual benefit. In most cases, boy has more money than girl. He think indulging a girl and buying her precious gifts make them happy but money makes the people greedy. Girl starts to want more expensive things so it gives lots of damage their engagement and happiness. Relationships based on money and benefit instead of targeting happiness and respect usually causes irreversible consequences. You will never know what will happen. In case of bankruptcy and poorness, can you sure that you will be as happy as in the lead?To my own view, even if you have millions of dollars, there are still some values and things that you cant afford. Considering the strongly related to the topic of money, we can not ignore that we can still be happy without having a huge money account, mansions or luxury cars. Some poor people dream about being a rich one day and they usually tough Without money you ca nt realize your dreams but there are more urgent priorities like health,friendship and little happiness that you cant buy with money. Money creates more like temporary, abstract happiness.

Critical Incident Analysis Essay

Engagement with a service user can be a challenging process which subscribes to be reflected upon by the some(prenominal)(prenominal) nurse (van Os et al 2004). When a critical or unique incident arises reflection enables the practitioner to assess, understand and learn through their experiences (Johns, 1995). It was also suggested by Jarvis (1992) that reflection is non just thoughtful perform merely a learning experience.This assignment is a reflective critical incident analysis of an meshwork encounter on a community placement recently using Gibbs (1998) Reflective Cycle (Appendix 1,3). In maintaining confidentiality (NMC, 2004) and privacy, even for reflective pursuance (Hargreaves, 1997), pseudonyms pull up stakes be used. I go away also further reflect on a pedagogics school term I contacted fol pooring this incident. Critical Incident analysis During a recent clinical placement with the local CMHT there was a distress call from p arnts of a leaf node, matted. An immediate visit by the two co-coordinators and me, followed without split uping, or doing a peril judging.This visit resulted in aggressive and abusive encounter and Mat was then admitted to hospital, (Appendix 2). This incident is critical to me as it presented a learning opportunity as intumesce as a fortune of physical harm to me and the nurses with me. As I look back on this incident there are several issues that relate to the role of the nurse. When I look back at this incident, I matte anxious but my thoughts were that this was a learning experience even when it was pinch I was the main focus of the aggressive threats (Fazzone, et al, 2000) I knew I involveed to remain pacify and to assess for escape routes.I make mental notes of these but still I was not sure and everything was happening so fast and my mentor was already telling us what to do. Being able to remain calm could generate help and I feel this was a plus thing. As I reflect if I had panicked visibly thi s could convey encouraged Mat to have a real go. It also helped us to remain in control as we walked out of the house. This could have reassured her parents that the nurses were confident of what they were doing. This incident was proper-for-naught as an engagement with the client did not go well resulting with the client going into hospital.This is usually distressing for most people although hospital is regarded as a place of prophylactic in these circumstances. Even guidelines to the mental health act (MHA, 1983) ack right awayledge this that hospital can be distressing to others. On a positive note the situation was handled well and no physical harm was done to anyone. It was also a learning opportunity for me, as I gained an insight and now the opportunity to reflect on relevant issues related to risk assessment and management in the community. When the message was received about Mat, a decision was made promptly to visit.On each planned visit I would get an update and I was expected to find out more(prenominal)(prenominal) about the client as well. This usually focused on risk and other necessary background information which would help me understand the intervention and interactions with that client. I took this to be vertical practice and put one in an informed moorage. I dont recall Rita finding exactly what was going on from the parents neither did we check documentation on his file. There are protocols and guidelines on managing risk in the community and the local team had its own arrangements.A good risk assessment through the CPA process will minimise distress to round, carers and the patient in service provision in the community (Manthorpe and Alaszewski, 2000). any these are resources which are available and it is the nurses responsibility to use or adhere to them. Rita is a senior CPN and knew about this client. perchance she decided to react straight on the basis of the cues she picked from her short conversation with the parents mak e use of her clinical experience and knowledge of the service user (Benner, 2001 DOH, 2007).She could have considered the clinical need and prioritised and as this was an emergency, practice and theory rarely converge in these circumstances depending on what you perceive to be the link between practice and theory (Welsh and Swann, 2002). Mat could have felt provoked by three strangers walking into his place. Nurses are expected to respect the client and more so in their own homes. Manley and McCormack (1997) contended that the client should be prize and given autonomy and choice and some do feel aggrieved if this is breached.The situation was different in this case as Mat lived with his parents who had invited us and opened the approach for us. But this could appear Mat as clear case of invasion of his privacy or space. Although Mat was clearly unwell I feel sightedness a crowd rushing into your house will make anyone uneasy and feel disrespected. When Mat was clearly aggressive Rita informed us to leave. This was logical for safe and as nurses are not to be subjected to abuse. The trust and across the NHS there are zero tolerance policies (DH, 1999) on violence to lag.The NMC has also emphasised the need for employers and government to consider the human rights of the nurses while the Healthcare Com head for the hillsion has called for a balanced between protecting the healthcare rung and protecting patients rights. (Healthcare Commission, 2007). Without a prior risk assessment this decision could have been meant to create pace and duration for risk to be considered. The space created may have been meant to allow space and time for Mat to calm down as well.Under the Health and safety at work (1974) we had responsibility to follow the employers safety procedures. I did not see explicit measures and effort universe put to de-escalate the situation at that moment. I am of the opinion that this could have helped and saved the stress of involving guard a nd the hospitalisation which followed. I think this way, as by the time they got to hospital I was informed that Mat was apologetic for his attack especially on me. Maybe with a bit of time he could have calmed down.The decision taken by the nurse could have been based on the need to protect the safety not only of the staff and the parents who appeared vulnerable but also for Mats safety. Rita could have felt the need to fulfil that requirement of her role work of care as a nurse (NMC, 2004) and moral duty towards the vulnerable parents. In all this I assumed a back seat role. This was in line with my position as a student as I had to be awake of my limitations (NMC, 2006). I was not sure of how to react, whether to wait for cues from my mentor or to take the initiative was on my mind.On reflection I have to agree with Irving and Hazlett (1999), who observed that working with people with challenging behaviour puts strain on the nurses interpersonal skills and weaknesses in this ar ea are more evident in such situations. This could also have helped as I could have reacted in a way to aggravate the situation as I was target in this aggression. Working in a team requires pros to be cognizant of each individuals role and not to contradict one another so I acknowledged that Rita was taking the lead role.In agility of the risk posed by Mat a decision was made to involve the police. This is not an easy decision to make if one considers the impact this will have on the client. Even the staffs time consumed by this can be enormous. In this case Rita had to spend the stay of her day tortuous on this issue. My mind kept telling me that there could have been an alternative approach somewhere, but Rita could have made the right choice as afterward MHA (1983) assessments carried out by other professionals a consultant and ASW, it was felt there was a need for Mat to be in hospital.In decision making Rita might have considered the vulnerability and the stress the paren ts could have been going through. Nurses also have to look after the interest of the public or carers as in this case (NMC 2004). After reflecting on what transpired on this day I feel there are things that could have been done differently. This does not suggest that anything was done in any wrong way, neither that my suggestions are better. Most of my suggestions are grounded in the benefit of hindsight which might not have been available to Rita at the time.The staff could have taken their time and risk assessed before rushing out to see the client. Rita could have explored about the risk posed from the parents (DH, 2007). This could not have breached any confidentiality and finally could have helped reduce further distress on all involved. This could clearly have quantified the level of risk and appropriate arrangements for interventions made. This could have involved a wide-eyed MHA (1983) assessment with the right personnel in attendance. If the risk was high for the parents police could have been involved in the first instance to minimise risk.Policies and procedures are there to give guidelines and they could have proved to save the day in this incident. It is the responsibility of staff to adhere to them (NHS SMS, 2005). Once we were at Mats place more effort could have been put to de-escalate the situation or to give him more space to calm down. Mat appeared prepared to talk to Rita and not the rest of us, even if it was on racial grounds. This issue could have been addressed later after he was composed highlighting how his behaviour was inappropriate. NHS SMS, (2007) has emphasised on this in nits guidelines.Since he was unwell benefit of the doubt could have allowed Mat to speak to appropriate staff in the situation and this could have saved hospitalisation or involvement of other professionals. Such positive risk (Morgan 2004) taking could have saved distress on the part of the client and carers and resources of time and number of agencies and pr ofessionals involved. advance to positive risk taking, staff from CMHT could have involved the Home Treatment Team. This could have helped Mat to remain at home with an increased level of funding as Mat settled down fairly quickly once in hospital.It was also visitd that his level of medication was quite a low dose and there were other factors triggering a relapse. HTT team could have given bread and butter and assurance to the parents in line with holistic care and moral agency, (Manley and McCormack, 1997). A discussion with the parents could have been considered to ascertain how they felt about Mat staying home with the support from HTT. After being involved in this incident and reflection I have considered several issues as regards my professional position and development. I have identified that risk assessment is varied and circumstantial to the environment.I have to be aware of the risk considerations and then to equip myself with the right skills and tools to meet my resp onsibilities (Rew and Ferns, 2005). The tools provided such as policies and procedures are there to complement and minimise risk and not to block our work. It is my professional duty to be aware of these and make use of them where they are available. As I go into my last clinical placement I will make sure I am aware of these polices and adhere to them. Following the critical incident I carried out a didactics session during my clinical placement which I will reflect upon also using the Gibbs Reflect Cycle.Teaching session reflection I planned for a discovering session on Risk Management as an issue I had identified in the incident I reflected upon. This was also a rare incident with this CMHT. delirium to anyone is distressing so when I looked at the role of the nurse as a teacher, RCN (2006) statement on violence and the professional expectations, I felt the need to share my knowledge on the upshot. I delivered a presentation on the topic of risk management with focused refer ence to the incident. The participants were all the 8 staff members who attended the staff see for that afternoon.In preparation I encountered encouragement and support from some team members but challenges were also there. In supplying the educational activity I looked at the subject area and relevance to the prospective audience. The language in terms of jargon and the method of teaching was considered looking at my position as teacher and prentice as well as the adult professional participants. I had hoped to use power point but this was not available. The manner and timing of the session were determined by doing the session during a weekly staff meeting which provided for teaching or presentation session (appendix 5).From the onset anxiousness set in as I was trying to decide what exactly I was going to focus on (Haward, 2004). This was mainly so as I was going to deliver a teaching to people who I was sure knew the subject matter better than me. Awareness of my limitation s was glaring me in the face. The subject of risk is such a vast area and being specific can be a mammoth task. This happened early on in my placement and I was still getting familiar with the team. My confidence was low at the start of preparations and on delivering the session. The participants were from different professions including the team manager.It was more difficult as most of my support was from my mentor who happened to be in hospital on the day. On the day of the incident I was given time to reflect on what had happened. This was good for me as this set the ball rolling for the planning and delivering of the teaching session. As part fulfilment my studies I was aware that I needed to present a teaching session (appendix 4). This was good as it helped me decide on what to do. This reflection also helped me understand that one of the most strategic issues in mental health if not heath and social care at large is risk management.I got support and encouragement from my men tor and another newly qualified staff. Positive prey back and realising how my confidence had grown in those twenty minutes I had delivered the teaching felt very rewarding for my efforts. The challenges of deciding on the subject and planning of the teaching were unnerving. I was aware of my disadvantaged position that I was going to teach people who in all probability knew and had more experience on the subject than me, which who did not help my confidence regardless of what Thompson, (2004) suggested.This was not helped by one member of staff who encouraged me to abandoning the teaching on the last point. He was not clear on his reasons but maybe felt he was doing me a favour. The timing of the teaching at the end of a staff meeting was not favourable and conducive for such a topic which could be very dry. The planned media of delivery of power-point was not available although contingency plans were in place. elate appendix 5. Teaching requires preparation. The first considerat ion was who I was to teach. Knowing that I was going to teach experienced practitioners in their own area of practice was un-nerving.When you teach something you need to impart some knowledge and you want to make worthwhile the students time. I was not sure what I should teach on. I had to find a topic which I would be able to research on and give some interesting knowledge that would be valued by my audience. This was partly achieved by basing my teaching on the critical incident that everyone was aware of. Reflective learning was achieved by the presentation which focussed on a cognise incident allowing the participants to discuss issues around that incident and relate it with the theory.Cropley (1981) contends that adults learn best when encouraged to relate learning to their experience. Baud, et al (1985) also talked about leaning being enhanced by the use of experience, ideas and the reflective process and looking at the outcomes. In a group with nurses and other professions s ocial workers, occupational therapists, doctors and psychologists as well as an administrator the language was important (Haward, 2004). This is an issue I had not seriously considered initially on the basis that this was one team which had been together for a long time.But during my presentation I quickly realised that this was not the case when I had to elaborate or explain certain terms as well change substitute some terms as I continued. This lack of consideration could have left the participant uncomfortable or miss to fully benefit from the session. When teaching adults you need to treat them as adults and the same treatment should be expected from them (Knowles, 1984) making choose the androgogal approach. Although I was the one teaching my position was peculiar as I was aware that I could be the one with the least knowledge on the subject in the room.I managed to realise and accept this short coming in knowledge on the basis that I cannot know everything. I also accepted tha t preparing and delivering this session makes me a learner and teacher at the same time. My learning was not limited to the researched material but also the discussions during the session and the experience of delivering the session, increasing my confidence (Thompson, 2004). One important consideration was the environment. The need to ensure basic intrinsic needs (Maslow, 1987) of physiological comfort and safety could not be overlooked.This was initially not an issue as the room was prepared for the meeting. But as the time dragged on tiredness might have become a factor although this was not explicit. I was aware of this I can recall trying to go through my presentation before anyone excused themselves. The timing of the session at the end of the meeting was good in that the largest audience was available after the team meeting and the meeting room was prepared already. Also this did not affect the work of any staff as they were all scheduled to be available at that time.Initiall y there was passivity but progressively participation improved as questions were discussed among the participants. My guardianship was that this will be centred on me as the teacher (Quinn, 2000). Being aware of my limitation my audience could have missed out on those areas I could not fully articulate. Handout were prepared and used for this session. Personally I would have preferred to use power point for two reasons. Firstly I am used to using power point and I can manipulate the presentation (Sammons, 1997). I am someone who likes to use the latest technology and acquired immune deficiency syndrome available especially with environmental awareness on my mind.The second reason is that power point will help to divert some attention from me the presenter. This was topic so crucial that the student and mentor should work closely in partnership. In this way I will have gained more from getting a closer insight into what informed the mentors actions and a practical view of the issues at hand. The rest of the team members will also benefit more broaden view point (Jasper, 2003). With hindsight I could have discussed with the staff member who was discouraging me from carrying the teaching, challenging his position.Some practitioners are only concerned about doing the token(prenominal) to do the job, treating education as an extra to necessity, described by Conway (1996) as traditionalists and by Houle (1980), as Laggards who resist both learning and new ideas. The topic of risk assessment is such a vast topic and given the opportunity I had on this occasion I could do justice to this important issue. I could revisit my ability to set work towards realistic goals that are achievable within my personal and professional life (Cropley, 1981). This was a learning opportunity which I will nurture and utilise to develop myself and other professionals.Critical incidents are learning opportunities for everyone concerned staff and clients alike. My role as nurse requires me to be an educator and a health promoter. To this end a teaching session on such an incident should include experienced staff and clients in preparations and delivery where viable (Manthorpe and Alaszewski, 2000). I will also consider delivering a similar teaching to educate the clients as well especially those who were part of such an incident (NHS SMS, 2007). termination After this process of reflection I can realise the importance of life long learning (DH, 2001).In nursing there are legion(predicate) challenging situations which are so varied one is expected to fully appreciate the need to continuous update and keeping one self abreast(predicate) with skills and knowledge. Challenging situations occur on a daily basis and unless we are prepared for them the quality of care will suffer. Some of these incidents will leave staff at the end of their wits and may affect their confidence. More skills and knowledge will become hand especially in challenging engagement situations where there will not be time to look up things. Clinical supervision will form a big part in maintaining and change competency.Competency as a nurse is critical and justifies need for PREP (NMC, 2004a) for transition for newly qualified nurses and need for life long learning requirements of KSF standards (DH, 2003) facial expression will help one to identify areas for personal and professional development. This will go a long way helping the KSF and clinical governance requirements (Scally and Donaldson, 1998). All these factors to enhance the nurses knowledge and skills are prerequisites for responsibility and authority which underpin accountability. Skills and knowledge in professional practice brings the ability to exercise professional judgement.

Nude in art Essay

The nude has changed dramatically throughout time in terms of its role in the art world. It has been used to portray a persons power and their weakness, the way they see themselves and the way others see them. The majority of nude artworks are of the female nude, as postgraduatelighted by John Berger, men look at women, women look back at themselves universe looked at. Vanessa Beecroft, a present-day(a) artist deems to challenge the way society views the nude in both high art and everyday contemporary society.She challenges the way women are judged on their appearance a base concept that is seen throughout many pervious images of the nude in art. In 1599 Pieter Pauwel Rubens depicts just that, the judgment of a women based on looks in his painting, The Judgment of Paris, which depicts genus Venus the goddess of beauty and love being judged as the most glorious female by the judge Paris.In contrast to these female nudes, during the renaissance, Michelangelos nudes consisted of mainly males. He used the nude to show both desire and position as tumesce as his devotion to religion and art. The nude in art can been seen changing as society does throughout time. In the contemporary society we live in today, we, the audience, are more likely to accept the nude as part of everyday life because of the way mass media has influenced us as a society.However, before times when the nude was common sight and open sexual desire was seen as something preposterous, artists used the nude as a way of portraying their personal aesthetic ideals though religious figures, showing their love for both the art itself and their nude subjects. Michelangelo was first and foremost a sculptor. ane of his most famous nude sculpts was that of David depicted in the moments before he defeated Goliath. Created in 1504, Michelangelo sculpted for four years to create, in his give birth eyes, the finest sculpture of David possible.Michelangelos own dedication to the piece highlights his love for the subject as well as the art form. David was depicted as athletic but intrinsic with some fetchers such as his hand and head enlarged for emphasis. Davids naked form symbolised his high religious status to Michelangelo.He felt that flawlessness such as Davids should not be hidden, this can be seen throughout a range of Michelangelos works, both sculpted and painted where he depicts religious figures of high value as nudes and covers lower class subjects with the cloth of a slave as if to cover their shame. Therefore, it can be seen that Michelangelo mirrors his own ideals in the form of religious figures to depict the perfection he desires as well as display this to the audience for them to subconsciously judge the subjects of his work under their own ideals. During the Baroque era, Rubens depicts the scene of the judgment of Paris, this painting allows the male subject to openly judge the female on their beauty alone.While depicting this mythological twaddle Rubens a lso himself paints the Venus to meet his ideal expectations of a womans desirable qualities, both physically and temperamental and offers her to the audiences judgment also. Rubens has make up the women to show off their bodies in the most desirable way as well as highlight their key fetchers such as their nipples and lips in intricate red and gold against their pure skin, he paints the woman with petty(a) breasts and wide hips the ideal representation of female beauty at the time.Implied innocence hides the male voyeurism in this scene all figures are equally naked however, only the female torso is on show, all males in the image are either turning away from the audience or are modestly hidden by lavish drapings, furthermore, the woman are surrounded by small winged children named, Putti these figures are associated with love and sexual encounters.The ultimate goal for all the women in this painting is to win the love of Paris through their beauty and Venus ideal attraction s ymbolises the high value placed on this virtue and highlights their love and physical beauty as the most important quality they drive home to offer. Contemporary artist, Vanessa Beecroft challenges the way the nude has been viewed throughout past art as well as how it is perceived in modern society. Beecroft is most cognise for her confronting live performances in which a selection of like women are stood on high heels and not much else, facing the audiences gaze.Beecroft aims to provoke chemical reaction from the audience, both male and female, the gaze these models hold as well as their physical closeness to the audience highlight the fact that these women know they are being looked at and judged and consequently look back and judge the audience creating an uncomfortable but eye opening experience for both the models and the viewer. Beecroft challenges the way the nude body is perceived by both high art and by the public and questions a womans need to conform to societies expect ations as well as focusing on how the concept of beauty can change over a period of time, Beecroft states, maybe if they (the audience) see it twenty times theyll start not to think of it in the same way, Im not sure, its an experiment.In conclusion it can been seen that the nude has changed dramatically throughout time however, it has always been associated by different forms of beauty and judgment, due to the human nature of the artists that create such works. It can also be highlighted that the way the audience as well as the artist sees the nudes they depict can change during the artwork or during their lifetime depending on how they are influenced by the changing world around them.

High Drop Out from School Among Girls in Tanzania Essay

Education enables girls to make their own decisions and to influence their families positively. Education saves and improves the lives of girls and women. It allows them greater control of their lives and provides them with sciences to contribute to their societies. UNICEF (2004) chronicle specifys that girls cultivation leads to more equitable development, stronger families, better services, better child health and effective participation in governance.Despite the obvious benefits of Education to national development, research findings indicate that girls dropout rate from naturalize is in high spiritser than that of boys. It observed that Tanzanian girls, for various reasons bordering on religious, cultural, socio-economic and civilize related factors, be not given a fair run into in the educational sector. In Tanzania, about 7. 3 million children do not go to instill, of which 62% are girls (UNICEF 2004). The same UNICEF report indicates that girls primary school comple tion rate is far behind that of boys, at 76% compared with 85% for boys.This gender gap means that millions more girls than boys are displace out of school each year. This goes to show that the majority of children not in school are girls. Mohammed (2004) equally reported that a girl may be withdrawn from school if a good marriage prospect arises. Early marriage is a sociocultural factor that hinders the girl childs access to school. Some parents, in an attempt to protect their teenage daughters, give them out to wealthy old friends.Some of these girls who attempt to escape from such forced marriages end up in disaster. Alika and Egbochuku (2009) found that the socio-economic status of the girls imposes considerable constraints upon their continuing stay in school. In fact, they asserted that a girls particular socio-economic inheritance may defend a direct and important effect on educational attainment. The Problem Education, which is the right of every child, is a mirage in the lives of some Tanzanian girls because some of them are forced into early marriage as from age 12.Poverty has been known to force most parents to withdraw their children from school UNICEF (2004) report indicates that some 121 million children are out of school for various reasons and 65 million of them are girls. With the educational rights of 65 million girls unmet, something should be done to ensure that they complete their education. The same report indicates that Tanzania is one of the 25 developing countries of the world with low enrolment rates for girls, gender gap of more than 10% in primary education and with more than 1 million girls out of school.This is a problem that requires emergency action if the nation is to advance technologically, considering the multiplier and intergenerational benefits derivable in the education of the girl child. It is the advise of this study, therefore, to find out reasons why girls dropout of school in Tanzania and, consequently, based on t he findings proffer counselling strategies that could be adopted in order to check the relative incidence of drop out from school among girls in Tanzania.Research QuestionTo guide this investigation, one research question will be formulated 1. What are the reasons for high dropping out of school by girls in Tanzania? The descriptive survey design will be adopted for this study. The study sought to determine the reasons for dropping out from school among girls in Tanzania. The population of the study will comprised all girls who dropped out of school and re-enrolled in schools in Tanzania. Four primary schools, four subsidiary schools and four skill acquisition centres will be utilize for the study.A stratified random sampling procedure will be adopted in selecting the secondary schools, on the basis of their status i. e. all girls schools and all co-educational schools. For the primary schools, the upper primary classes will be used for the study while for the skill acquisition c entres, two government skill acquisition centres, one nongovernmental skill centre and one private skill centre will be used for the study. The research instrument used will be a checklist on reasons for dropping out of school.

A Short Biography about the author

Dr. thaumaturgy F. MacArthur, Jr. was born in Los Angeles, California, U. S. A., on June 14, 1939. An American Evangelical Writer and Minister, with an existing radio platform entitled dramatise to You, & currently serving as a Pastor/Teacher of Grace Community Church in Sun Valley California, also holding the position of President of The Masters College (and its Seminary), located in Santa Clarita, California.He is the son of Dr. Jack MacArthur (also an accomplished Preacher in his time), John was a gifted athlete who attended the Bob Jones University before moving to Los Angeles Pacific College (now name Azusa Pacific University). He earned his Masters of Divinity course at Talbot Theological Seminary in La Mirada & graduated with honors in 1969.He was the third Pastor in the Grace Community Church, a non-denominational church in the same place. John MacArthur and his wife, Patricia, have four children, eight grandchildren, and are living in Santa Clarita, California.In 1985, h e became the President of the Masters College (used to be named and known as the Los Angeles Baptist College), an certify four year liberal arts Christian College & a year later he founded the Masters Seminary. His daily radio programGrace to You is being broadcast not just in California or the U. S. A. but also through out many parts of the world. He is an reservoir to many dozens of books with notable commentary series & various Bible Study Guides. He works alongside Phil Johnson who usually edits most of his written works.MacArthur has been entangled in a lot of controversial issues, the greatest one of which was when his evangelical church for the first time, got sued for malpractice charge.A certain Kenneth Nally, a 24 year old seminary assimilator from their school committed suicide in 1979. A year after, MacArthur & several other members of their staff appeared before the court about the legality of their Biblical focal point procedures from the modern psychological appr oach, notwithstanding that Nally has been under a psychological help from the outside. Several years passed with various court rules, appeals, hearings until the California Supreme Court govern out that there was insufficient evidence to forego on the case into a full trial.

Buddhism in China and Thailand revision

Buddhism is one of the worlds study religious. It was initially founded in North Eastern India based on the instructs of Siddhartha Gautama (Wayman, 1997). Its main teachings are based on perseverance in sufferings and rebirth of its followers. It emphasizes on meditation and thorough follow up of good good values. Thailand and china are 2 main countries which are known to be strong followers of Buddhistic religion. Buddhism as a religion is practised in ii main practice. These are Mahayana and Theravada. The two countries, China and Thailand have different practices since China practices Mahayana while Thailand practices Theravada.The main difference between the two practices is that Mahayana emphasizes on Bodhisattva and renascence ideas leading to Buddha hood whereas Theravada emphasizes on Arahantaship. However, the two practices have a number of similarities. The two practices original Sakyamuni Buddha as their teacher. Sakyamuni was a title given to religious person w ho acted as a teacher in teaching the practices of Buddhism (William, 2005). In Buddhism schools, the four noble truths are exactly the kindred in both practices. These four noble truths guide Buddhist on areas that they should follow.Also, in this school of Buddhism, the eight fold paths are exactly the same in both Theravada and Mahayana practices. The origin of Paticca-Sumuppada is the same in both Mahayana and Theravada practices. The two practices, Mahayana and Theravada rejected the idea of compulsive Being who created and governed the world. They did not believe in Supreme Being who create and governed the country. Both practices accepted deuce-ace characteristics of existence which include annica, Dukkha and Anata. These characteristic of existence enabled the two practices to exist in either of these ways (Tamura, 1997).Mahayana and Theravada accepted the three levels of training in Buddhist school. These are Sila, Samadhi and Panna without revealing some(prenominal) d ifference between the two practices. These main similarities evidenced by the two practices have greatly strengthened the unity of Buddhism and they have helped Buddhist religion to grow and have little differences regarding the two practices. This is much strengthened by the fact that the two practices worship the same golden god Buddha the provided difference is evidence by their practices.The two countries adore in temples only if difference came in regarding the practices carried out in those temples (Tamura, 1997). In China, the scripture was carried on the prickle of a white horse. The white horse which carried the scripture was adopted as the name of the temple. In Thailand, practices in temple were different from those of China since in the first place they did not recognize temple as church, but it was considered to be more than a church, since other practices such as village life dowery as schools, orphanage theatre, meeting hall, crematorium, youth clubs, and playgro unds and sometime as market place.Buddhist temples in Thailand have set dress code similar to those of Christians in west. Men were entitled to wearing long pants and a clean short sleeved shirt while women could wear long pants or skirts but their shoulders should not be exposed. Leather sandals were most preferred in Temple since shoes should be aloof during worship (Hattaway, 2004). In China, salvation of one individual generally helped the whole society since they did well to the connection through their salvation. In Thailand, those who were saved by Buddhist religion did good deeds like heavy(p) money to beggars releasing caged birds-so that they can be free Giving food to monks since they were not allowed to have any money. In Thailand, there were two sects of Buddhist monks Orange robed-Mahanikai Red brown robbed- tighters or Thammayutt. This sect eats only one meal per day provided to them by those who want to make merits since they were not allowed to own anythin g. In China they had one sect of monks and Sutra, the first Buddhist test in Chinese language provided way on the conducts of monks. Buddhist in Thailand was the backbone of Thai culture since more than 90% of Thai populations were strict follower of Buddhist religion.Unlike Thailand, China, Buddhist had to transform them into a system which could fit and exist within Chinese way of life. This was made compactable with ancestors worship (McDermott, 1981). The establishment of Balma-si of the Han marked the beginning of Buddhism in China while in Thailand, for religion to develop it took different forms and adapted to different environment (Pyne, 1997). In Mahayana Buddhism, the universe is occupied by the celestial Buddha, bodhisattva and deities that assists Buddha in his practices.The most popular ones are Kuan yin, medicine Buddha, laughing Buddha and the green and white Taras. In both practices the purpose of life in Buddhism is to end suffering. According to the teachings of B uddha, human suffer because they strive to tug things which dont bring everlasting happiness. Theravada has only one surviving school and as umteen as eighteen survived at one time whereas Mahayana had many surviving school. In Buddhist scripture, Theravada had palicanon/Tripitaka only whereas in Mahayana scriptures, they had those used by Theravada Tripitaka plus many other sutras.In Theravada, they had historical Buddha known as Gautama had past Buddha only whereas in Mahayana they had Gautama. Buddha had Amitabha, medicine Buddha and many other Buddha. Theravada Bodhisattva had maitraya only whereas in Mahayana they had maitreya and Avalekitesvara, Mansjuri, ksitigarbha and Samanthabadra (Morgan, 2003). Therefore, the two countries Thailand and China who practiced Buddhism resulted to increased number of its followers. In these countries, Buddhism gained a lot of support and population which made it to be a major religion in the two countries.Buddhism since then has remained t o be major religions in the two countries. graphic symbol Robert A. McDermott, 1981, Focus of Buddhism, New York. capital of Minnesota Hattaway, 2004, People of Buddhist World, Amazon. com, New York. Eileen Tamura, 1997, China Understanding Its Past, Amazon. com, New York Paul William, 2005, Buddhism, Amazon. com, New York Alex Wayman, 1997, Untying the Knot in Buddhism, Princeton London. Richard K. Pyne, 1997, Buddhism, New York. Kenneth W. Morgan, 2003, Path of Buddha, Europe. Kenneth Keulman, 1993, Critical Moments In Religious History, Europe.

A time to kill

In this moving-picture show barbarous law is displayed. The Jury selection process was that there were many possible Jurors, and the two lawyers picked who got to be on the Jury during the trail, 6 choice for each lawyer. The lawyers based their designs on stereotypical stereotypes such as fair will always olfactory modality that black is shamefaced, and other factors that contributed to what each lawyer wanted.I feel as though this is fair In the sense that each lawyer picks who they want, and no its non fair that they ar choosing batch that they know what theyre final verdict will be. In todays rules of order there Is defiantly pipe down almost tension when It comes to race, and I feel as though those opinions and beliefs comes from the old fashion ways of view passed on from one generation to the next. This movie does non change my opinion on the fact that I strongly moot the law should be upheld whether the someone is black or dust coat.I do believe that the whit e custody would vex been found felonious in that day, especially with a confession on paper, I do similarly believe that these men knew exactly what they were doing which makes their crime that much worse ( Mess Rear), I overly strongly believe that no matter the situation if the errors committed a crime as evil as rape whether they were in the right mind or not should be dedicate away.The stipulation Cactus Reuse is basically saying guilty mind, and that a person must be turn out guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and with this movie the men were defiantly guilty, and with enough evidence and more than to be put away for a long age, if not then for tone. If I was Carl Lee I would guard done what he did and more.I dont count on dying is the worst affair that could happen to someone, I would feel as though them being tutored is beyond Justified and although some may argue hat life in prison would be worse than death I do not agree. How is it fair that a person commits a crime that will alter their victims life for the worst, and effect them their whole life, and be aloud to have live in a room, with a bed and food and clothes on their back. I believe they died too easily for the crime they committed.In my opinion I completely agree with the verdict of not guilty for Carl Lee, I do not think that If he was in his right of mind( Mess Rear) or not that it would have make a deference, what he did was Justifiable and I agree with it, I also do not think that him lining guilty or not should have effected the Juries discussion, what he did he did because he needed too, and he should not feel guilty for stamp outing the scum that raped his daughter.The statute title of respect A Time to Kill related to the movie because In my opinion there Is a really small and understandable time to kill, such as when two men rape a 10 year old girl. That Is when there Is a time to kill. By Nick Starker a time to kill By nickels wanted. I feel as though this is fa ir in the sense that each lawyer picks who they want, and no its not fair that they are choosing people that they know what theyre IANAL verdict will be. In todays society there is defiantly still some tension when it more.I dont think dying is the worst thing that could happen to someone, I would that if he was in his right of mind( Mess Rear) or not that it would have made a difference, what he did was Justifiable and I agree with it, I also do not think that him his daughter. The title A Time to Kill related to the movie because in my opinion there is a in truth small and understandable time to kill, such as when two men rape a 10 year old girl. That is when there is a time to kill.A time to killIn this movie criminal law is displayed. The Jury selection process was that there were many possible Jurors, and the two lawyers picked who got to be on the Jury during the trail, 6 choice for each lawyer. The lawyers based their designs on stereotypical stereotypes such as white will a lways feel that black is guilty, and other factors that contributed to what each lawyer wanted.I feel as though this is fair In the sense that each lawyer picks who they want, and no its not fair that they are choosing people that they know what theyre final verdict will be. In todays society there Is defiantly still some tension when It comes to race, and I feel as though those opinions and beliefs comes from the old fashion ways of thinking passed on from one generation to the next. This movie does not change my opinion on the fact that I strongly believe the law should be upheld whether the person is black or white.I do believe that the white men would have been found guilty in that day, especially with a confession on paper, I do also believe that these men knew exactly what they were doing which makes their crime that much worse ( Mess Rear), I also strongly believe that no matter the situation if the errors committed a crime as cruel as rape whether they were in the right mind or not should be put away.The term Cactus Reuse is basically saying guilty mind, and that a person must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and with this movie the men were defiantly guilty, and with enough evidence and more to be put away for a long time, if not then for life. If I was Carl Lee I would have done what he did and more.I dont think dying is the worst thing that could happen to someone, I would feel as though them being tutored is beyond Justified and although some may argue hat life in prison would be worse than death I do not agree. How is it fair that a person commits a crime that will alter their victims life for the worst, and effect them their whole life, and be aloud to have live in a room, with a bed and food and clothes on their back. I believe they died too easily for the crime they committed.In my opinion I completely agree with the verdict of not guilty for Carl Lee, I do not think that If he was in his right of mind( Mess Rear) or not that it woul d have made a deference, what he did was Justifiable and I agree with it, I also do not think that him lining guilty or not should have effected the Juries discussion, what he did he did because he needed too, and he should not feel guilty for killing the scum that raped his daughter.The title A Time to Kill related to the movie because In my opinion there Is a very small and understandable time to kill, such as when two men rape a 10 year old girl. That Is when there Is a time to kill. By Nick Starker a time to kill By nickels wanted. I feel as though this is fair in the sense that each lawyer picks who they want, and no its not fair that they are choosing people that they know what theyre IANAL verdict will be. In todays society there is defiantly still some tension when it more.I dont think dying is the worst thing that could happen to someone, I would that if he was in his right of mind( Mess Rear) or not that it would have made a difference, what he did was Justifiable and I a gree with it, I also do not think that him his daughter. The title A Time to Kill related to the movie because in my opinion there is a very small and understandable time to kill, such as when two men rape a 10 year old girl. That is when there is a time to kill.

Designing Activity Systems Research Essay

The greatest challenge facing an practise- supposition-based approached to look foring interconnected networks and activity systems is the accent between the necessarily holistic view of better contextuality suggested by Kuuti, and the need for an appropriate level of analytical abstraction and generalizable research results leased for the research to have utility across disciplines (as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 22 Nardi, 1996, p. 70). This accent can be partially mitigated by focusing simultaneously on object/motive-oriented research of several(prenominal)s and on community-object-oriented research of larger repress communities.Thus in a research setting, the object, activity, and work levels of apiece individual subject would be documented, both as subjectively articulated in interviews, and as official in that individuals task description. The overarching community object, activity, and operation levels of the various interacting subject communities would in addition be doc umented, in terms of a written prospectus of the groups initial goals and any getable info regarding any sub-groups particular objects, either explicitly or implicitly stated.Because of the magnitude of data likely resulting from such research techniques, trends from the collected data are probably best analyzed finished statistics-based computer modeling. Any truly contextual understanding of activity systems requires researchers to pay close attention in particular to what Kuuti calls action-operation dynamics, noting when and how, for individual subjects, the orientation phase of a given action has passed and the action has been internalized as operation (as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 31).This phenomenon could be identified in a number of ways. For instance, when individuals begin to elide un necessary orientation-phase-steps in a process, or when they have re-articulated their objects to indicate a broadening of scope, it is likely because they have moved beyond the orientation phase for a given action and internalized it as operation. Research into interrelated activity systems and networks also requires a nuanced understanding of how community subjects interact, both which separately other and with individual subjects.Documenting these interactions through research would require a thorough enumeration of how both formal and informal subject groups affect one another, and the ad hoc contradictions that they exhibit through their objects (Kutti as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 34). For example, to fully define and therefore research the activity of a software company working on a new database platform, researchers would need to understand the myriad goals of each sub-group and engineer within the company, as swell as the companys larger goals, and the absorbedions of competing companies.This would require ongoing observation and interview data, and given the vast amounts of data likely to be mined in this process, a computer-based, statistical approach wou ld likely be most effective. primed(p) Action vs. Activity Theory Because Situated Action Models explicitly reject an intention or goal-based definition of action, they do not lend themselves well to analytical abstraction. Each model being inextricably embedded in a particular situation, no two models are likely to offer enough commonality to allow comparison across situations, allow alone across disciplines (Nardi, 1996, p. 1).Activity Theory, by contrast, offers its fundamental tenet as its organizing schema consciousness and intent are the defining the elements of all activity (Nardi, 1996, p. 11). This perspective has several benefits. First, since Situated Action refuses to consider a subjects intent in its analysis, the activity can only be known as it plays out in situ (Nardi, 1996, p. 82). This means that Situated Action researchers must posit their own interpretation of a subjects actions, and ignore the subjects stated intention.Such constructed rationalizations are mor e the duty of speculative psychology than observational science (Nardi, 1996, p. 82). This view appears even more absurd in electric discharge of the fact that Situated Action offers no explanation as to why, despite its guiding premise, human subjects constantly do explain their actions through their intentions, and often demand or believe such explanations from others (Nardi, 1996, p. 81).Second, Activity Theory, by starting from the premise that intention and consciousness are fundamental elements in the definition of action, immediately offers a means of demarcating and understanding activity that Situated Action Models lack (Nardi, 1996, p. 83). As Nardi points out, two subjects in analogous environments may display disparate actions that can only be parsed in light of each subjects intent or object (Nardi, 1996, p. 83). Using the object as the organizing rinciple further allows Activity Theory to maintain a consistent analytical schema across disciplines and at varying leve ls of generality.For instance, both individual subjects and subject communities can be parsed according to the subject/object and object/action/operation paradigm. Lastly, Activity Theory allows research to continue over a longer time horizon because, while the situations examined in Situated Action Models tend to be quite ephemeral, the objects of Activity Theory may persist for months or years (Nardi, 1996, p. 3). This allows research of a given subject to proceed cumulatively, and not be wasted as soon as a given situation expires. It further allows researchers to focus on a higher(prenominal) level of abstraction, recurrence, and commonality than Situated Action Models, and to avoid the claustrophobic thicket of descriptive detail that becomes necessary when disregarding intentionality (Nardi, 1996, p. 92).

Chitral Vocational Training Case Study Essay

Case Study Sabira Bibi Persistance and perserverence always yield results SABIRA BIBI IS FROM CHINAR colony IN MASTUJ, UPPER CHITRAL. SHE GOT MARRIED IN 1994 AT THE YOUNG AGE OF 16 TO GULISTAN KHAN WHO WAS past EMPLOYED IN THE CHITRAL SCOUTS. AS HER HUSBAND WAS MUCH OLDER, HE RETIRED IN 2003 BUT THEY WERE ABLE TO determine THEIR calendar monthLY EXPENSES SINCE THEY OWNED LAND.IN 2008, TRAGEDY STUCK THE FAMILY WHEN THE YARKHOON RIVER WASHED AWAY THEIR HOME AND ALL 8 KANALS OF THEIR productive LAND. SABIRA BIBI AND HER FAMILY MOVED IN WITH HER HUSBANDS BROTHER BUT LIVING ON HERHUSBANDS 5000 RUPEE PENSION WAS PROVING TO BE DIFFICULT. SABIRA BIBI FELT VERY HELPLESS AS SHE WAS NOT ABLE TO fatten HER EDUCATION AND ALSO FELT THAT LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES ARE LIMITED FOR WOMEN AS THE COMMUNITY DOES NOT need WOMEN WORKING OUTSIDE THEIR HOME.SABIRA BIBI HAS MADE SURE ALL HER DAUGHTERS ARE ENROLLED IN SCHOOL, HER ELDEST DAUGHTER IS soon COMPLETING B. COM AND THE REST ARE IN MIDDLE AND a ctARY SCHOOL. SHE TOLD US THEY ARE EXCELLENT IN THEIR STUDIES AND SHE WOULD LIKE ALL OF THEM TO GO TO COLLEGE.Cross stitch used to make book marks WHEN SABIRA BIBI LEARNT THAT vocational TRAINING ON LOCAL EMBROIDERY AND HANDICRAFT PRODUCTION FOR 25 WOMEN WAS BEING OFFERED BY FIDA IN MASTUJ, SHE THOUGHT IT WOULD BE A GOOD WAY OF UTILIZING HER EXISTING SKILLS IN LOCAL EMBROIDERY. WHEN SHE INITIALLY apply FOR A POSITION IN THE TRAINING HER APPLICATION WAS REJECTED AS SHE DID NOT MEET THE token(prenominal) EDUCATION CRITERIA AS PARTICIPANTS WERE EXPECTED TO READ AND WRITE. SABIRA BIBI MET WITH HER LOCAL COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION MEMBERS AS SHE WAS VERY maladjusted AND WANTED THEM TOCONSIDER HER AS A SPECIAL CASE.FIDAS TEAM THEN CALLED HER FOR A SECOND INTERVIEW AND REALIZED SHE WAS VERY SKILLED IN LOCAL EMBROIDERY. SABIRA BIBI TOOK PART IN THE ONE MONTH TRAINING AND LEARNT HOW TO USE HER EMBROIDERY SKILLS TO MAKE SMALL HANDICRAFT PRODUCTS LIKE BOOK MARKS AND draw CASES.BEFORE THE TRAIN ING, SABIRA BIBI WAS ABLE TO MAKE TRADITIONAL BRIDAL CAPS FOR WOMEN BUT say IT WAS VERY TIME consuming AND DIFFICULT TO SELL AS PEOPLE ONLY BOUGHT THEM FOR WEDDINGS. BY LEARNING HOW TO MAKE DIFFERENT PRODUCTS, SABIRA BIBI SAID IT WILL BEEASIER TO ATTRACT CUSTOMERS.Bookmarks made during the training Sabira bibi receiving her certificate from the trainer Sabira bibi told us I am hopeful to generate enough income to pay for my childrens education and save for building our own home. I will always pray for FIDAs success. It is one of only organizations that is selecting people establish on merit and I was able to explore my talent through them and am thankful to my union organization for providing me with such an opportunity. Mobile pouches made during the training.

Educational Websites Essay

Sturgeon block Productions is offering website tie-ins with every educational telly title in our catalogue, at no additional cost. What that operator for you is more of our award-winning content for your students and a wider reach for in-depth coverage of your preferred subjects for teachers to use in their lesson plans. Our social club has taken top-notch web production team to work with our producers and staff to create synergistic multi-media-tie-ins for all our approaching educational titles. As educators who will be using these sites ,our company would uniform to hear from you about the kinds of features you would like to see as we move forward in development ,as well as get a general consensus on which subjects in our current library would be helpful to you to have as an interactive web component . The following features are availableHistoric interactive timelinesIn-depth photos taken on the primed(p) during the filmInteractive educational gamesFast facts and flashcards Quizzes and essay examsWhen submitting request for website development for your current films and videos from our company, please disceptation1. The title in which you are interested2.The name of the class and subject3.Online tools you would like to see createdThe video bellow provides an overview of our online content. For additional information, feel free to contact us at webmastersturgeonpointproductions.com or call us at (305)-555-0121 during the following days and times Monday -Thursday day 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.Friday 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.Saturday 10 a.m. to noon

The Oxford English Dictionary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

The Oxford incline Dictionary - Essay ExampleHowever, the Oxford English Dictionary is regarded as the most comprehensive source of English words. (Kite) It contained about 400,000 words by the condemnation it was first published. As a project, it was initi eachy called A New English Dictionary or diachronic Principles Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society (Winchester).The development of the OED was a long deal. heap started working on the material in 1857 (Winchester). However, the first time it was published was in 1884 (Kite), three decades later initial work began. The group who worked on the OED decided it was more efficient to publish the book in fascicles or installments. The first edition of the book had ten installments and was completed in 1928. (Kite)The OED is a result of an mind from an association in Great Britain which studies the language. The Philological Society of London decided to collect and consolidate all the definitions o f every English word in existence. (Gray) Some members grew dissatisfied with the existing dictionaries because there were words not included or defined in these reference materials. Richard Chevenix Trench, Herbert Coleridge, and Frederick Furnivall and the committee they formed initially searched for unlisted and undefinable words in the dictionaries of the 19th century. (Winchester) Eventually, their task evolved into that of creating a truly all-inclusive dictionary and because the task was to a fault big for a few people volunteers were asked to help out. (Winchester) Another task to complete was that of managing the entire compilation process altogether. Furnivall approached lexicographer James Murry for the editor position and the society tied up with Oxford University for the publication of the new dictionary. (Gray)The process of creating the content for this new comprehensive dictionary was not an easy job. To be as far-reaching as possible, volunteers were told to che ck down word usage from books onto slips of paper or quotation slips which were then sent to back to Murray.

Asymmetric Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

unsymmetric Synthesis - Essay ExampleHence, it is undeniably interesting to study the catalytic asymmetric subtraction of chinchona struggle alkaloids , which have also been helpful in mans daily living. This includes its role in the production of food flavorings and medicines for diametric ailments like malaria.Additionally, the popularity of cinchona alkaloids over the years is also because of its qualifications in the three primary criteria of catalysts, which ar as follows 1) the diversity of reactions that the catalyst can trigger 2) the accessibility of both enantiomeric antipodes of the catalyst at an affordable follow and 3) the stability of the catalyst.The research aims to study the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the popular two pairs of cinchona alkaloids which are enantiomeric in nature cinchonine and cinchonidine, and quinine and quinidine. The researcher aims to study the two pairs by isolating them through extraction of the bark of the cinchona tree a nati ve of tropical regions. Due to their widespread use, all four members are readily available in large quantities from most chemical suppliers.Furthermore, before conducting several experiments for the research, the researcher entrust gather enough materials documenting the history of cinchona alkaloids. ... erature section of the research, which will include information about cinchona alkaloids from one of the earliest uses of cinchona alkaloids in asymmetric catalysis which was demonstrated by Pracejus in the 1960s to catalyse the asymmetric inebriantysis of ketenes (Pracejus, 1964) to its modern uses. Moreover, the studys related literature will consist of theories proposed about the asymmetric synthesis of cinchona alkaloids by chemists of different ages. champion interesting theory which will contribute to the study of the alkaloids catalytic asymmetric synthesis is that the alcohol is activated via a hydrogen bond with the tertiary amine of benzoylquinine. Addition of the alc ohol to the ketene is followed by quenching of the resultant enolate by the chiral ammonium salt. The resultant esters are isolated in up to 76% enantiomeric excess. The research will strive to replicate the experiments conducted to support this theory. Also, with the proliferation of recent publications studying cinchona-ketene systems for asymmetric synthesis (Blake, 2001), the study will investigate different assumptions about the asymme refine in the synthesis of cinchona alkaloids. One of the most noticeable of these recent publications which the researcher intends to focus is Lectkas -halogenation of acid chlorides (Wack, 2001). Lectka stated that the benzoylquinine-ketene system reacts with quinone base electrophilic halogenating reagents to yield activated -halogenated esters with enantioselectivities as high as 99%, and with good yields. The study will try to prove this through catalytic asymmetric fluorination, where cinchona derivatives have already been used, though onl y stoichiometrically (Muiz, 2001). However, patronage the efforts to base certain experiments upon previous studies, the

The Efficacy And Advantages Of Inserting Foreign Genes Into The Essay

The Efficacy And Advantages Of Inserting Foreign Genes Into The Chloroplastic Genome Instead Of The Nuclear Genome - Essay Exampleanother(prenominal) batch of deoxyribonucleic acid was treated in a likewise manner, except that nucleotides containing thymine were added instead of adenine. (Avril, 187-94)When these dickens samples of desoxyribonucleic acid were mixed, the complementary tails of A- and T-bearing nucleotides became joined by hydrogen bonding. This combined the once separate fragments into long, complect chains. desoxyribonucleic acid ligase was then added to form bonds between the sugar and phosphate groups. The two DNA strands were now iodine.It was certainly intriguing that one could now cut up DNA into unpredictable heterogeneous fragments and randomly sew together them back together. However, for further insights into the organization of DNA and its genes -- that is, the determination of precise nucleotide sequencesvery specific nucleases would have to be found. The prevailing opinion was that such specific DNA-cutting capability did not exist in nature.The only lead to the possibility that more specific nucleases might exist came from observations beginning as early as 1953 that when DNA molecules from E. coli were introduced into another slightly different form of E. coli they seldom functioned genetically. They were quickly broken down into smaller fragments. This manifestly was part of a system that had evolved in bacteria to protect them against the entrance of foreign DNA. In amplification to all of the other more obvious forms of competition in nature, there is a constant lightless struggle played out in the microscopic world, in this case between bacteria and bacteriophages. Darwins subjective selection is recreated here on a minute scale. (David, 131-44)First, bacteria green goddess be grown infra controlled conditions, rapidly and in enormous numbers. Overnight, a few cells will multiply into literally billions. It is very classical to understand that a bacterial cell ordinarily reproduces simply by copying itself. Assuming that no mutations occur in the cells, all the descendants of that one cell are identical. Such a existence of cells originating from a single cell is termed a clone and the process of producing that clone is referred to as cloning the cell. The DNA in a typical bacterial cell exists in two forms. One is the single bacterial chromosome which, unlike the chromosomes in our cells, is in the form of a circular molecule. The DNA of all other organisms hind end be likened to a long string. In bacteria, the ends of the string are joined, forming a circle. In addition to the DNA in the bacterial chromosome, DNA also occurs in bacteria in the form of plasmids. These, like the bacterial chromosome, are also circular DNA molecules, but much smaller. When the bacterial cell divides, the bacterial chromosome replicates and one chromosome is passed on to the new cell. Likewise, each of the pl asmids replicate and half are delivered to the next generation. The plasmids are unique, independent, self-replicating DNA molecules which can exist only within the living bacterial cell. Plasmids can easily be isolated from bacteria by breaking open the cells with enzymes which break down the cell wall. The resulting mix is centrifuged.The heavier chromosomal DNA, termed genomic DNA, as sound as cell fragments will go to the

Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Article ExampleThe research heterogeneous samples drawn from students taking introductory business courses in the two countries. They used tallying laboratory experiments to match the reluctance to give bad reports to people from the two cultures. To operationalize face saving in a behavior that is sensitive to culture, a blame unsteady opportunity was put into operation. To obtain the results, the data was pooled to form a two by two factorial design, the independent variables being national culture and blame change over opportunity. The reluctance to report bad countersign was used as the dependent variable.Findings The results of the study showed that the blame shifting opportunity present (treatment) group had a tendency of believing that personal blame could be avoided for problems that were cerebrate to software development. The control group which were presented with no opportunity to shift blames shared not this belief.Research Limitations/Implications Since the studie s were conducted in only two countries each with its distinct culture, it may not be fully assumed that the results hold in to other countries and cultures such as African countries.Practical implications Different cultures perceive face-saving, blame and bad news divers(prenominal)ly. While some cultures encourage blame shifting, others do not. Depending on whether a culture is biased towards lian or mianzi, managers should learn to treat their tendencies towards face saving differently.Value to Reader The reader gets to appreciate the fact that different cultures have different perceptions on face saving when delivering bad news or failure. In the organizational set-up, this information helps when dealing with one kind of failure or another as people from diverse cultures will either accept blame or shift blame depending on their cultural biases. It was learnt that in cultures where lian is dominated by the mianzi aspect, negative reporting revolves around personal protection

What factors contributed in the stuggle against the Mafia in Sicily Essay

What factors contributed in the stuggle against the mafia in Sicily - Essay ExampleCosa Nostra (Mafia) criminal syndicate emerged in mid 19th century and all cosca aimed at controlling a particular territory (Blok 2001). In 1870s, Romans officials invited Sicilian Mafia clans to help in competitiveness dangerous independent criminal geological formations and protect the land owners (Blok 2001). The Mafia and evidence had entered in to partnership that allowed the Cosa Nostra to coiffure the functions that state could inefficiently perform. Factors that contributed to struggle against Sicilian Mafia The mafia and state enjoyed cordial relationships with the Mafia without every disruptions for several years. However, the relationships started tumbling in 1960s after Mafia acquired wealth and threatened the balance of source between the state and Mafia (Blok 2001). Accordingly, the methods of Mafia in acquiring power changed to threaten, extortion and criminal activities thus thr eatening the State power (Blok 2001). Mafia acquired considerable financial resources through ensuring close working ties with Christian representative Party and obtaining guarantees on construction contracts (Allum and Renate2003). In recognition of Mafias growing influence, the state headstrong to withdraw from the relationship with Cosa Nostra (Seindal 1998). Again, Mafia criminal empire expanded in 1970s to become a key ne twainrk in inter-continent crimes such as money laundering and drug-trafficking. Mafia was initially utilise to define Sicilian phenomenon, but it is currently used to define any organised criminal organisation especially in Italia (Seindal 1998). In the recent past, Sicilian mafia has expanded to European and international take aim and has committed other crimes such as money laundering and drug trafficking in countries like centerfield East, Latin-America and Switzerland. According to Italian anti-Mafia law of 1982, mafia organisations use intimidation powers and have organised criminal construction that plan its criminal activities. Sicilian mafia has a long history of corruption, murder and extortion (Blok 2001). In aboriginal 1980s, Mafia violence was directed at assassination of judges, prosecutors and political authorities. Corleonesi assisted in instigating the Second Mafia war and led a brutal Luciana Leggio against the state authorities in the First Mafia fight. After the Mafia Trials of 1960s, few individuals were convicted of criminal activities and Mafia resumed back to illicit business activities. Control for family effectiveness within the Mafia organisation resulted to the Second Mafia wars since Corleonesi believed that some families had benefited more from the illicit drug boodle and desired to dominate the Mafia through use of violence. Several Mafia families regrouped and started killing specific state figures such as Colonel Giuseppe Russo and several police chiefs (Seindal 1998). Organisations that struggl ed against the Sicilian Mafia Magistrates Giovanni and Paolo Borsellino The climax of Mafia brutality highlighted the get hold of of the state to curb the organisations criminal activities and several individuals within the state started fighting against the impunity of Mafia (Scheider and Peter1998). In advanced 1980s and early 1990s, Sicilian prosecutors like Paolo Borsellino and Giovanni Falcone work unearthed the hierarchical structure of Sicilian Mafia organisations. The two prosecutors asserted that they would

Media Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Analysis - Research Paper ExampleSome sources also helped to reform the nation in better representation. Among those sources films, songs and governmental cartoons were performing meaning(a) part. These all were worked for the purpose of motivation and for changing the views of the policy-making leaders and parties.Describing about the importance of each of the above mentioned methods this can be said that each of them were every bit important during the post civil war period in America. Political cartoons never failed to create patriotism and enthusiasm which were very much important for the civilian in the post war period. Thomas Nast was playing an important role in this particular field. He was the famous as the father of American political cartoonist. The young generation was also attracted by the political cartoons and these cartoons directed their views in proper and right way so that future generation has not to face the trouble of civil war. Public opinions were r eflected regarding the situation and dissemble of war through the cartoon figures (Hogge, 2008). Some film makers also took initiative to focus on the plastered pictures such as scale of death in war through some documentary films. move Gilpin Faust, Eric Foner etc were some renowned film makers who made such kind of documentary films. American sheet medicinal drug also provided significant perspective on the history of civil war during the post war period. at that place was 3, 042 pieces of sheet music at that point of cartridge clip which influenced the people of nation. The collection of music included political music, patriotic music, sad songs etc which had strong impact especially on the young generation. At that point of time music was a form of propaganda. During the post civil war period illiteracy rate was proud especially in the rural areas and communication system was poor. In that situation sheet music was an important way to convey the positive messages to the p eople of those rural areas.The most important