Business Ethics-Written Assignment for Module 2 Essay

1. Shaw and Barry distinguish cardinal polar forms of utilitarianism. What be these two forms. Briefly come upon each and use mannikins. Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism are the two different forms of utilitarianism that Shaw and Barry distinguish. Utilitarianism refers to the greatest happiness precept for the closely unions of people. Act utilitarianism put forwards that we must film ourselves what the consequences of a particular personation in a particular website will be for all those affected. If its consequences bring more than net skillful than those of any alternative menstruate of action, consequently this action is the amend sensation and the bingle we should perform (Shaw and Barry, pg.60).I ensure at this as to wet when choosing between two alternative acts in a situation then the right act is the one that brings the best result or the most happiness, rudimentaryally the consequences of a single act. Rule utilitarianism importanttains th at the utilitarian standard should be applied not to individual actions unless to moral codes as a whole. The principles that make up that code would then be the basis for distinguishing right actions from wrong actions (Shaw and Barry, pg.77). I look at this to me at measuring the consequences of the act repeated over and over again as if it was a notice whenever there are similar situations. 2. What do economists mean by the declining bare(a) utility of money?Declining marginal utility of money stated by Shaw and Barry as simply means that successive additions to ones income produce, on average, less happiness or welfare that did earlier additions (Shaw and Barry, pg.112). I look at this as with both additional dollar or good, the tax and happiness declines, the additional dollar or good loses its sign tint or worth compared to the previous additions. A good example would be someone would really enjoy a piece of chocolate cake, and if fall rid ofered a second piece they may agree that they would still enjoy it, save not as much as the outgrowth piece, and finally abandoned a third piece of chocolate cake, they would be so encompassing from the first two pieces then they wouldnt be as smart since eating the first piece of chocolate cake.So for every particular(a) piece of chocolate cake there would be less happiness from the previous piece. 3. Robert Nozick presents his entitlement speculation as a function of three staple fibre principles. What are these three basic principles? Nozicks entitlement theory is a theory of jurist and how society regulates the distribution of goods, money and stead. All that matters for Noziak is how people came to stupefy what they have, not the pattern or results of the distribution of goods. (Shaw and Barry, pg.115) His entitlement theory comprises of three main principles which were1. A principle of justice in acquisition This principle deals with the initial acquisition of holdings. It is an account of h ow people first come to own joint office, what types of things can be held, and so forth. 2. A principle of justice in depute This principle explains how one person can acquire holdings from another, including unpaid worker exchange and gifts. 3. A principle of rectification of injustice how to deal with holdings that are unjustly acquired or transferred, whether and how much victims can be compensated, how to deal with dour past transgressions or injustices done by a government, and so on. What is principle of justice in acquisition?Our book gives us an analogy concerning basketball sportsmaner, wilt Chamberlain that was used by Nozick. The idea behind this is that Wilt Chamberlain was a very talent basketball player and people were willing to return a plastered bill of money to opine him play. In Wilt Chamberlains refer it stated that he would get X amount for each ticket purchased, due to his talent of playing basketball. Over the course of the year he is entitled to a allot of the tickets change. Wilt Chamberlain take very wealthy as a result of the amount of tickets sold and his contact with the team he played for since his contact stated he get X amount for each ticket purchased.He has every right to become wealthy and acquire money as a result of the free choice of people voluntarily purchasing the basketball tickets to see him play. This is an example of how the money exchanged was rightful(prenominal)ly acquired. What is principle of justice in transfer? A good example of justice of transfer would be if a property owner justly owns twenty acres of property and he freely sells ten acres to his neighbor for a precise amount of money. This would be justice of transfer since the landlord is willing to sell the property and his neighbor is willing to purchase and they both agree on the terms. The landowner would directly have ten less acres of property but he would be X amount wealthier and his neighbor will now have ten additional acr es and X amount less. two parties agreed on the terms and neither leave worse off than prior to the transaction.What is principle of rectification of injustice? Basically how to restore something to its rightful owner, in case of injustice in either acquisition or transfer. A good example we could use is back giving an example of a football quarterback. The quarterback contact stated that he would get X amount for each ticket purchased. What happens if he is injured at the beginning of the season and doesnt play any games except for the first three games? Is he still entitlement to the X amount per ticket or just a portion of the total?The contact doesnt state anything about if he was injured and didnt play. So should the quarterback be entitlement to the extra money. It may life injustice since he didnt play the majority of the games, but since his contact stated that he gets X amount per ticket then he is entitlement to the entire amount. The team doesnt feel that he should get the entire amount. The team only gives him a portion of the money.The quarterback has the right to rectify and claim the entire amount since his contact doesnt have a specific clause regarding being injured. He would have legal action to go after the team to even off him the entire amount. 4. Two main features of John Rawlss theory of diffusing(prenominal) justice are particularly important. What are these two features? Describe them. Rawls theory of distributive justice have two main features that are described in the text edition (Shaw and Barry, pg.122) 1. Each person is to have an touch right to the most extensive total system of able basic liberties compatible with a similar system of liberty for all. I see this feature as saying each individual should have the equal rights or opportunities, basically not to restrict or deny the freedom of each person involved.2. Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions. First, they are to be attached to positions an d offices open to all under conditions of jolly equality of opportunity and second, they are to be to the greatest expected realize of the least advantaged members of society. I see this feature as saying that there is social and economic inequalities and they may not be wrong or bad. These inequalities shouldnt benefit the least well off. It doesnt matter where a person was born into the social ladder. 5. What is the MAXIMIN rule for making decisions?According to our textbook the MAXIMIN rule states you should select the alternative under which the worst that could happen to you is fail thanthe worst that could happen to you under any other alternative-that is, you should try to increase the minimum that you will receive. (Shaw and Barry, pg.122). Basically it is stating that the rule is if there are more than one choice, the best decision rule is to consider the one with the least worst consequence for the best possible choice. 6. What is the role of the blur of ignorance in Rawls theory of distributive justice? According to our textbook the role of the veil of ignorance in Rawls theory eliminates bias and makes the original position a fair commission of choosing principles.(Shaw and Barry, pg.121). I see at the method for find out the morality of an issue no matter what social role one may play, it is only how one truly considers the morality of a certain position. 7. According to Shaw and Barry, deciding what sort of economic arrangements would best promote sympathetic happiness requires the utilitarian to consider many things. What are the five considerations mentioned by Shaw and Barry? The five considerations mentioned in our textbook (Shaw and Barry, pg.111) 1. The type of economic ownership (private, public, mixed).2. The way of organizing production and distribution in general (pure laissez faire, markets with government planning and regulation, fully centralized planning). 3. The type of authority arrangements within the units of production (worker control versus managerial prerogative. 4. The range and character of material incentives.5. The nature and extent of social certificate and welfare provisions.